Health10/21/2025The Guardian

Friedrich Engels ‘took creative liberties’ with descriptions of class divides in Manchester

Friedrich Engels ‘took creative liberties’ with descriptions of class divides in Manchester

The study conducted by Cambridge historian Emily Chung suggests that Friedrich Engels, the co-author of the Communist Manifesto, may have exaggerated or taken "creative liberties" in his descriptions of the class divides and segregation in Manchester during the mid-19th century. Engels, a Manchester resident at the time, was deeply troubled by the squalor and inequality he witnessed in the city, and his blistering depictions of the segregation played a crucial role in shaping his socialist ideology. However, Chung's research indicates that the philosopher's accounts may not have accurately reflected the true extent of the class divide in the city. The findings challenge the long-held perceptions about the severity of class segregation in Manchester during that period, suggesting that Engels' descriptions may have been influenced by his own political and ideological leanings.

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